G20 Summit ends, revealing heightened US-China tensions.
HANOI, Vietnam—President Joe Biden concluded his meetings on Sept. 10 at the Group of 20 (G20) summit, which was held in India’s capital New Delhi, after paying tribute to the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi, alongside other world leaders.
The president left India to travel to Vietnam, where he was to announce a strengthened partnership with the communist nation on Sept. 10.
The president traveled to Asia at a time of intensifying competition between the United States and China. This year’s summit revealed heightened tensions between two powerful countries, as evidenced by Chinese leader Xi Jinping’s absence from the summit and Beijing’s objections to the United States hosting the G20 summit in 2026.
While some argue that Mr. Xi’s absence means that the regime is abandoning the G20 and establishing an alternative world order. To counter that notion, President Biden sought to fill the void left by Mr. Xi at this year’s summit by presenting America as a more reliable partner than China and capable of uniting the world’s richest countries around common goals, including providing “non-coercive” development financing options to developing countries.
“It would be nice to have him here,” President Biden told reporters in India when asked about whether Mr. Xi’s absence affected the summit.
“But, no,” he added. “The summit is going well.”
At the New Delhi summit, the G20 members were divided over many issues, including the war in Ukraine; however, leaders made several key decisions during the two-day summit in India’s capital.
Key Takeaways From 2-Day Summit
Joint Statement From the Fragmented Group
The most contentious issue at this year’s summit was how to address the Ukraine war in the joint communiqué. There was skepticism that a summit communiqué would be issued due to significant divisions among members.
While some countries demanded strong language against Russia, labeling the G20 member as an aggressor, India, the G20 president, had been trying to strike a balance in the summit declaration. India’s close relationship with Moscow and its unwillingness to issue strong statements complicated the effort as well.
The G20 members finally agreed on Sept. 9 to adopt a consensus declaration that avoided specifically denouncing Russia over the war in Ukraine, instead broadly urging all countries to refrain from using force to annex territory.
“In line with the U.N. Charter, all states must refrain from the threat or use of force to seek territorial acquisition against the territorial integrity and sovereignty or political independence of any state. The use or threat of use of nuclear weapons is inadmissible,” the declaration reads.
Despite Russia and China’s objections, the leaders also reached a compromise on the language in several paragraphs to describe the war in Ukraine.
“We highlighted the human suffering and negative added impacts of the war in Ukraine with regard to global food and energy security, supply chains, macro-financial stability, inflation, and growth, which has complicated the policy environment for countries,” the communiqué stated. “There were different views and assessments of the situation.”
The statement from last year’s summit in Bali said that “most members strongly condemned the war in Ukraine,” which wasn’t included in this year’s statement. The Bali statement had also quoted a U.N. resolution deploring “in the strongest terms the aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine and demands its complete and unconditional withdrawal from the territory of Ukraine.”
Hence, this year’s statement is viewed as having softer language regarding the Russia–Ukraine war than last year’s declaration.
The Ukrainian foreign ministry called the joint declaration “nothing to be proud of,” as it failed to label Russia as an aggressor in the war.
The White House defended the statement, calling it “unprecedented.”
“The vast majority of G20 countries have supported multiple U.N. resolutions that call out Russia’s illegal aggression,” deputy national security adviser Jon Finer told reporters on Sept. 10.
“The joint statement issued yesterday builds on that to send an unprecedented, unified statement on the imperative that Russia refrain from using force for territorial acquisition,” he added.
Railway Project to Counter Belt and Road
At the summit, the United States, India, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates announced a memorandum of understanding (MOU) (pdf) for an infrastructure project that will connect India, the Middle East, and Europe via sea and rail transportation.
The project will create an economic corridor linked by a railway line and existing ports through the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Israel. However, it isn’t a done deal. The United States will play a critical role in facilitating the negotiations over the terms of the agreement for the infrastructure project, White House officials said.
“This is a big deal. This is a real big deal,” President Biden said, welcoming the MOU in a speech during the summit.
The project is considered one of the White House’s key initiatives in the Middle East to counter China’s growing influence in the region through its controversial infrastructure program, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI, also known as One Belt, One Road).
Since its launch in 2013, China’s BRI has poured billions of dollars into infrastructure projects across Africa, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Asia. In recent years, however, Beijing has been accused by the United States of using “debt-trap diplomacy” to lure many nations into its orbit.
This MOU is part of the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII) initiative led by the Group of Seven (G7) countries to fund infrastructure projects in developing countries.
PGII projec
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