That, based on the events of the past six months, almost certainly won’t prove true, but the president was able to enact several landmark legislative bills, both with and without help from the other side of the aisle.

Biden has suggested that public perception of his economic agenda won’t swing back into positive territory until more of the positive, downstream impacts are felt by voters, which, in some cases, could take a decade or more. It remains to be seen if President-elect Donald Trump, who ran on a promise to roll back “Bidenomics” on Day One, will give Biden’s legislative wins enough time to marinate, at least in voters’ minds.

Still, round out the year, and Biden’s four in office, by taking a look back at the president’s biggest legislative accomplishments.

1. American Rescue Plan

March 11, 2021

Biden outlined his general economic thesis of building from the bottom up and middle out on the campaign trail, but before he could attempt to pass generational spending initiatives, the president was first tasked with getting the economy rolling following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Enter the American Rescue Plan, a $1.9 trillion stimulus bill that Biden signed into law less than two months after stepping foot in the White House.

The bill itself barely squeaked through Congress on party-line votes and largely extended and expanded on Trump’s own COVID-19 stimulus bills, with a key aesthetic difference. Biden, unlike Trump, chose not to include his signature on the COVID-19 relief checks disbursed to eligible households, something he admitted to regretting earlier this month.

And while business provisions in the ARP helped keep workers on payroll, not to mention a bigger tax break for families with children, this massive addition to the federal deficit has largely been attributed with exacerbating the inflation that dogged Biden for the remainder of his presidency.

2. Bipartisan Infrastructure Law

Nov. 15, 2021

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, also known as the bipartisan infrastructure law, was hailed at the time as a “big f***ing deal.”

The $1 trillion investment not only advanced Biden’s plan to revitalize the economy fundamentally and all of its associated physical infrastructure but gave the president an open line of attack against his predecessor and Republicans ahead of the 2022 midterm election cycle.

Biden frequently joked that Republicans thanked him behind closed doors for getting the law passed and ribbed Trump for his own ill-ended attempts at passing an infrastructure bill.

The president repeatedly claimed that, unlike Trump, he was ushering in an “infrastructure decade.”

3. CHIPS and Science Act

Aug. 9, 2022

Another bipartisan win, the CHIPS and Science Act sought to incentivize new advanced tech manufacturing projects in the United States.

The bill directed nearly $300 billion into funding, grants, and federal contracts to boost semiconductor manufacturing, a critical supply chain link exposed by COVID-19.

Government analysts have suggested Biden’s spending has led to as many as 50 new technology projects, from investors such as Micron and Samsung, yet a domestic shortage of skilled workers has led to yearslong delays in many of these projects.

4. PACT Act

Aug. 10, 2022

Biden’s relationship with his late son Beau proved the impetus behind one of the most consequential, veteran-focused bills in recent history.

The PACT Act was a more than quarter-trillion-dollar expansion of veteran healthcare that opened up care options for service members exposed to toxic burn pits or other chemicals.

The aggressive brain cancer that killed Beau has been linked to his exposure to burn pits while deployed in the Middle East.

The bill itself had been pushed by advocates, most famously comedian Jon Stewart, for over a decade and has extended $6.8 billion in benefits to more than 1 million veterans and their families.

“As Americans, we have a sacred obligation to care for veterans and their families. We owe them a debt we can never fully repay,” Biden said of the PACT Act two years after its passage. “My message to veterans, their families, caregivers, and survivors is simple: Jill and I will always have your back.”

5. Inflation Reduction Act

Aug. 16, 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act was meant to be a major messaging vehicle for Democrats heading into the midterm elections and, eventually, the 2024 election cycle.

After Biden’s Build Back Better agenda was stonewalled in the Senate, the president opted for a slimmed-down bill that advanced his social justice-focused economic policies but took on steadily rising inflation, which polling consistently indicated as a top issue for voters.

The bill passed without a single Republican vote and allocated nearly $900 billion for new green energy initiatives and healthcare subsidies while simultaneously pushing tax reforms to increase the burden on the nation’s wealthiest people and companies.

Unfortunately for Biden and Democrats, economic experts have determined the law did nothing to address inflation ahead of the 2024 election, which likely contributed to the party’s consistently poor polling regarding economic stewardship.