The new bill, the Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act, follows a debate last year on the use of specialized merchant category codes to differentiate gun stores from general merchandise stores in an effort to track gun and ammunition purchases. 

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Freshman Rep. Riley Moore (R-WV) is leading the effort and will introduce the bill Tuesday. 

“I’ve spent the better part of my short career in public service fighting financial institutions that push a political agenda. Let me be clear: any attempt to collect data on Americans simply exercising their God-given rights is wrong, and I won’t stand for it,” Moore said in a statement.

The legislation, which has 27 co-sponsors, would also preempt any state and local laws and would allow the attorney general to investigate any violations and submit a report to Congress each year regarding those investigations. 

An identical bill was introduced in the last session of Congress by former Rep. Elise Stefanik, who left her House seat after President Donald Trump tapped her to serve as his U.N. ambassador.

The International Standards Organization, which sets thousands of voluntary standards, adopted a new four-digit code for gun and ammunition stores in 2022, sparking debate between gun control and gun rights activists about their usage. 

As a result, several states passed laws along partisan lines, either implementing special retail codes or banning them entirely. 

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It’s unclear when the bill might get a vote in the House, but Moore said it’s time to act now that Republicans control Congress and the White House.

“We’ve seen how the Biden administration pressured financial institutions to hand over data on their customers,” Moore said, “and the possibility of a private database of gun owners falling into the hands of a future anti-gun administration is unacceptable.”