Pentagon and Wireless Telecoms Clash Over Frequency Sharing
Imagine a world where lights don’t turn on, radios don’t transmit voices, and radar can’t track threats. This world exists without the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS), a range of frequencies that powers our modern lives. From long-distance radio waves to X-rays, each frequency range serves a different purpose.
However, there’s a catch. Spectrum space is limited, and multiple users can’t occupy the same frequency in the same location. This limitation has sparked a competition between the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and the wireless telecom industry for control over the EMS.
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The DOD strongly opposes proposals to share or give up its exclusive EMS frequencies. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) apportions frequencies to commercial and government users, including the DOD. The U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA) regulates EMS use.
1500 MHz Up for ‘Repurpose’
The NTIA is currently studying the expansion of frequencies for commercial use, which will form the basis of a National Spectrum Plan. This plan aims to maximize the nation’s spectrum resources and improve coordination between government agencies and the private sector.
The wireless telecom industry has been lobbying for more EMS space to meet the growing demand for consumer electronics. They argue that expanding spectrum access is crucial for maintaining U.S. global leadership in wireless technology.
5G Changed Everything
With the advent of 5G technology, the demand for EMS space has skyrocketed. The DOD’s exclusive access to the 3100-3450 MHz S-Band range is now being challenged. Telecommunications companies argue that the DOD’s control over this range hinders technological advancements and puts national security at risk.
Balancing Defense and Commerce
The DOD acknowledges the need to balance economic advantage with national security responsibilities. They are participating in the NTIA’s study to expand commercial spectrum access. One potential solution is “dynamic spectrum sharing,” where multiple users can access the same frequency bands through optimized spectrum use.
While there are challenges to implementing this concept, preliminary efforts are underway to test its viability. The DOD has also launched programs to share some frequencies with commercial users while fulfilling its military duties.
Ultimately, finding a balance between defense and commerce is crucial. The DOD aims to retain access to the complete 3100-3450 MHz range while exploring opportunities for collaboration with the wireless industry and interagency partners.
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